Depression: Symptoms, Causes, Assessment and Treatment
Depression is a common but serious mental health condition that affects mood, thinking, sleep, energy, and overall functioning. It is more than temporary sadness — it involves persistent emotional and physical symptoms that interfere with daily life.
Early recognition and structured treatment significantly improve outcomes
SYMPTOMS
Common Symptoms of Depression
Persistent low mood
Loss of interest or pleasure
Fatigue or low energy
Sleep disturbances
Appetite changes
Difficulty concentrating
Feelings of guilt or worthlessness
Thoughts of death or self-harm
Symptoms must persist for at least two weeks and cause functional impairment to meet diagnostic criteria.
CAUSES
What Causes Depression?
Biological factors (neurotransmitter imbalance)
Genetic vulnerability
Stressful life events
Chronic medical conditions
Sleep disturbance
TYPES OF DEPRESSION
Major Depressive Disorder
Persistent Depressive Disorder
Bipolar Depression
Depression with anxiety features
SCREENING TOOL
Assessing Depression Severity
If you are experiencing symptoms of depression, completing a structured screening tool can help clarify severity.
TREATMENT
Treatment Options
Medication (when indicated)
Psychotherapy
Lifestyle and sleep regulation
Combined approach
Treatment is individualized based on clinical evaluation.
WHEN TO SEEK HELP
Professional evaluation is recommended if symptoms:
Persist beyond two weeks
Interfere with work or relationships
Include thoughts of self-harm
RELATED RESOURCES
Reviewed by Dr. Mahendra Singh Uikey
Consultant Psychiatrist | AIIMS-trained
Providing evidence-based psychiatric care
If you are experiencing symptoms of depression, you may consider discussing your concerns during a confidential psychiatric consultation.